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"如果沒有意外,我吃了十四年的瘦肉精。"

最近台灣的瘦肉精事件鬧得很兇,而在無意間見到加拿大對各類肉品的瘦肉精殘留標準後,我忽然驚覺了這一點。

於是,我很緊張地開始找尋我在過去十多年究竟吃了多少這種東西進肚子,想知道有哪些肉是含有這些化學藥劑的。

然後,我見到了一篇2011年11月2日的報導(Growth product in pork, cattle hampers Canadian access to Asian markets, By Kristen Shane),而當時我正在日本東北拯救災區經濟。

如果讀英文讓你感到痛苦,簡單地說,文章的重點有幾個:
1. 加拿大約有65%~85%的牛肉含有Optaflexx (瘦肉精用於各肉品的類型各不相同,Paylean主要用於豬隻,Optaflexx 是用於牛隻,而 Tomax 則是用於火雞。)
2. 瘦肉精在加拿大的大範圍使用主要是從2006年左右開始
3. 中國因接獲Rectopamine曾造成人類及動物健康問題的報告而禁止加拿大牛肉進口
4. 歐盟因Rectopamine最高容許劑量之科學數據有瑕疵而禁止相關肉品進口
5. 希望未來中國和台灣能開放市場,讓加拿大能其輸入含有瘦肉精的肉品

所以,感謝老天,我們只被毒了三年多!

不過,這些都不足以讓我感到放心,我更想要知道吃下了這些東西會有什麼樣的後果。

在加拿大衛生部門的相關規定:Ractopamine Hydrochloride - MIB #82裡,有幾件事讓我感到很擔憂。

根據內文所記錄的警告及注意事項,我們可以發現以下事宜:
a) Ractopamine hydrochloride is beta-adrenergic agonist. Individuals with cardiovascular disease should exercise special caution to avoid exposure to this medicated feed (required on premix and supplement labels, only). 萊克多巴胺為乙型-交感神經受體致效劑,使用者如有心血管疾病應避免曝露在餵食過程中。
b) When mixing and handling this medicated feed, use protective clothing, impervious gloves, and a dust mask. Operators should wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling. If accidental eye contact occurs, immediately rinse thoroughly with water. If irritation persists, seek medical attention (required on premix and supplement labels, only). 在攪拌或使用該藥劑,應穿著防護衣、手套、及面具,使用完畢後應用肥皂及水徹底清洗雙手。如意外出現眼部接觸,需立即以清水充洗乾淨。
c) Keep out of reach of children (required on premix and supplement labels, only). 避免將該藥劑置於孩童可接觸到的地方。
d) Do not feed to pigs intended to be retained for breeding. 請勿對種豬使用。
e) Do not feed to calves to be processed for veal.  請勿對用於製作小牛肉之牛隻使用。
f) Do not feed to turkeys intended for breeding. 請勿對種雞使用。
g) Do not feed medicated feeds containing ractopamine hydrochloride for more than six (6) weeks. 請勿連續使用含萊克多巴胺之飼料超過六週。
h) The use of ractopamine hydrochloride in pigs finishing over 132 kg body weight has not been studied. 萊克多巴胺對體重超過132kg的豬隻所造成之影響尚未經過科學研究。
i) Pigs fed ractopamine hydrochloride may be at increased risk for exhibiting the fatigued or downer pig syndrome particularly when marketed at high body weights. 餵食萊克多巴胺之豬隻更容易出現疲乏及無法行走之症狀,特別是體重較重的豬隻。
j) Feeding ractopamine hydrochloride to tom turkeys during periods of excessive heat can result in increased mortality. 餵食萊克多巴胺之火雞在炎熱環境中,死亡率會上升。

如果這些還無法讓你心驚膽跳,請見Wiki對萊克多巴胺的講解:

副作用
急性毒性:在動物實驗中,小鼠的半數致死量為3547-2545 mg/kg,大鼠的半數致死量為474-365 mg/kg。[7]
中毒癥狀:在大量食用含有萊克多巴胺殘留的肉類或內臟時,可能引發中毒癥狀,噁心、頭暈、肌肉顫抖、心悸、血壓上升、促進心血管疾病等。[8]

而我又做了一些小小的Google,見到了這篇淺談瘦肉精,內文記載:

「瘦肉精」主要會蓄積在肝、肺等處 (豬肉中一般含量較低),人吃了豬肝、豬肺,就會立即出現噁心、頭暈;心跳過速、心悸、顫抖、失眠、焦慮及升高血壓等中毒症狀,而對於甲狀腺中毒症、原發性肥厚瓣膜下主動脈狹窄、心跳過速、心跳過速之心律不整等患者則是禁忌。由於「瘦肉精」具有平滑肌鬆弛作用,也可抑制子宮收縮 (Tocolytic) ,故孕婦在分娩前食用到含有「瘦肉精」殘留的肉品或內臟將是非常危險的!

與此同時,這讓我不禁很納悶,為什麼萊克多巴胺有這麼嚴重的副作用和危害,加拿大政府竟然還會允許使用。而這也讓我翻到了一件十多年前的舊案子,基因改造食品大廠Monsanto賄賂加拿大衛生部研究人員,以使對人體有害之添加物通過檢測。

生產瘦肉精的廠商叫作Elanco Animal Health,而它一直直接向Monsanto購入rBST (合成牛生長激素)。

當年Monsanto曾送交檢驗加拿大衛生部對該激素進行檢測,並賄賂參與檢測的六位研究人員,要求他們將不合格的檢測結果改為安全,允諾支付100~200萬美金作為酬庸。

請見,http://www.innvista.com/health/foods/geneteng/milk.htm(內文很長,我懶得翻譯,請自己讀吧!),其摘錄如下:

Canada's milk scandal erupted when six scientists testified before a Canadian Senate committee revealing the enormous pressure they were subjected to in 1998 so that the rBGH growth hormone would be approved as being safe. Employed by Health Canada, the six found the product to be unsafe; but senior Canadian officials and the product's maker, Monsanto, tried to force them to approve it anyway. Dumbfounded, the senate committee listened to just how much pressure they came under:

- They were offered between one and two million dollars.
- Notes and files were stolen.
- They were removed from the case when they refused to approve the drug.
- Managers without scientific experience regularly overruled their decisions and threatened to 「ship them to other departments where they would never be heard from again」.
- They saw the policy of serving the client was shifted from the public to the industry.
- All files relating to rbGH were controlled by one senior bureaucrat and could be reviewed only by special permission – no other files had this restriction.
- One scientist was suspended for five days without pay after testifying before the commission.

而該文也指出,美國FDA對於食品藥物的研究和管制存在著很大的瑕疵,即便上述的激素因不安全而被加國政府禁用,美國內地約有超過30%的農場均使用該激素,以增加牛奶產量。

事實上,多數廠商最常用的欺瞞手法,是送給FDA大量的研究報告及相關文件,讓它們認為該藥物已經被嚴格地檢驗過。當時Monsanto正是以這樣的手法闖關成功,它送交給FDA的文件,其厚度高達20公尺!

尤有甚者,FDA為了掩飾自己的疏失,還自行篡改及捏造了虛假的研究數據!

因此,請各位親愛的加拿大人注意,美國的食品不能隨便吃,牛奶請愛喝國產的。

與此同時,身在台灣的我,也進行了更多的資料蒐集,然後我見到了一篇在美國本地的報導:"Why Has the FDA Allowed a Drug Marked 'Not Safe for Use in Humans' to Be Fed to Livestock Right Before Slaughter?", By Martha Rosenberg。

一件令人震驚的事再度發生了!

原來Elanco及Monsanto不僅僅是對rBST的生長激素動手腳,它們也對萊克多巴胺的審核動了手腳!

In fact, in 2002, three years after Paylean's approval, the FDA's Center for Veterinary Medicine's Office of Surveillance and Compliance accused Elanco of withholding information about "safety and effectiveness" and "adverse animal drug experiences" upon which ractopamine was approved, in a 14-page warning letter.

於核准使用培林的三年後的2002年,FDA指控Elanco隱匿有關於萊克多巴胺的安全性及有效性,以及對動物投藥的副作用等相關報告!

同時,更誇張的是,Elanco將所有有關於農場指稱萊克多巴胺造成動物過度興奮、嘔吐、無法行走、以及死亡等相關證據全數隱匿!

最終,在這些大公司強力的關說下,美國政府仍舊核可了萊克多巴胺的使用,而如今正在強力地把這些有毒物質推銷給我們!

該報導更指出,自1998年起,萊克多巴胺曾造成1,700人食用後中毒(More than 1,700 people were 「poisoned」 from eating Paylean-fed pigs since 1998 says the Sichuan Pork Trade Chamber of Commerce),而美國現今約有45%的豬隻及30%的牛隻餵食萊克多巴胺。

為了瞭解FDA究竟做了什麼,我去翻了它們提供有關於萊克多巴胺的核准文件,其中有一些資料令人覺得很詭異。

根據報告中Post Approval Surveillance Study (PASS)的結果顯示:
Feeding of ractopamine hydrochloride for 21 to 35 days at concentrations of 5 or 10 ppm to pigs weighing up to 240 lb. can increase the number of non-ambulatory pigs often referred to as fatigued pigs. Users should be cautioned that ractopamine hydrochloride has been associated with an increased number of non-ambulatory pigs (due to fatigue and/or injury) during marketing.

事實上,該報告也揭露了萊克多巴胺並未取得進一步的人體測試,僅僅是使用了1999年的培林測試數據,而該資料已經證實受到Elanco隱匿重要健康資訊!

4. HUMAN SAFETY:
No new human food safety data are required for the approval of this supplement. The product's human food safety in finishing swine has been established in the Freedom of Information (FOI) Summary for the new animal drug application for PAYLEAN (NADA 140-863) in finishing swine dated December 22, 1999.

進一步地找到了2003年發表在科學期刊Jounal of Animal Science中,由美國農業部(USDA)的Jeremy Marchant-Forde團隊進行的研究報告,其很明顯地指出,萊克多巴胺會影響豬隻的行動及生理狀況,並出現明顯的心跳過快及壓力賀爾蒙分泌過高的情況。

"...ractopamine pigs remained more difficult to handle over the entire 4-week period. At the end of the 4-week period, they also had higher heart rates than control-fed pigs and higher levels of circulating stress hormones. We conclude therefore, that feeding ractopamine to pigs does affect behavior and physiology. Pigs that are more difficult to move are more likely to be subjected to rough handling and increased stress during transportation, implying reduced welfare, increased workload for the handlers and, potentially, poorer meat quality."

各位可以自己檢視這些資料的來源的可信度,但綜合以上所有取得的證據,萊克多巴胺是不應該用於肉品中的!!

除了瘦肉精的危害外,我們還有更多不應進口美牛的原因,包括了商周的楊少強所撰寫的揭開美國牛飼養秘辛中所提到的抗藥性細菌感染及狂牛病,以及姜小魚撰文的關於開放美牛,一個媽媽的感想!

儘管目前政府不斷地強調會進行控管,但事實是,即便先前有瘦肉精零檢出的規定,違規的牛肉仍舊在全台各地流竄,三管五卡完全失效。

在這種情況下,政府的保證還值得人民信任嗎?

與此同時,我們為什麼一定要進口有毒而且有重大健康風險的牛肉?不吃美國牛應該不會死吧?

就算是要用美牛換美簽、換TIFA、換FTA好了,請問換了以後,我們就真的能得到更多優惠的條件?還是在談判桌上再度被政府出賣,進口了毒雞、毒鴨、毒豬?

別傻了,只懂得隱瞞疫情、欺騙大眾的達官顯貴,真的會為人民著想嗎?

國家的利益,是源自於人民的利益,而不是財團的利益。

如果立法院接受了美牛進口,那就罷免投贊成票的立委!

如果內閣一意孤行,非要違背人民的期望,那就罷免出賣國家的總統!

讓這些自以為高高在上,可以把全國人民掐扁捏圓的傢伙知道,誰才是國家的主人!

(請見:公職人員選舉罷免法施行細則

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